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Spanish Grammar Explained · Lesson 1

Ser vs Estar

Ser and estar both translate as 'to be', but they're used in completely different situations. Ser is for permanent or defining characteristics: origin, profession, and inherent qualities. Estar is for temporary states: location, feelings, and actions in progress. Ten worked examples with clear pronunciation.

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SER · Origin

Ser tells us where you're from.

Soy de México. — I'm from Mexico.

SER · Profession

Ser is used for jobs and roles.

Ella es profesora. — She is a teacher.

SER · Description

Ser describes permanent qualities.

El cielo es azul. — The sky is blue.

SER · Relationship

Ser defines relationships.

Somos amigos. — We are friends.

SER · Time & Date

Ser is used for time and dates.

Hoy es lunes. — Today is Monday.

ESTAR · Location

Estar tells us where something is.

Estoy en casa. — I am at home.

ESTAR · Feeling

Estar describes how you feel.

Estoy cansado. — I am tired.

ESTAR · Temporary State

Estar shows a temporary condition.

La tienda está cerrada. — The shop is closed.

ESTAR · Emotion

Estar is used for current emotions.

Estamos contentos. — We are happy.

ESTAR · In Progress

Estar forms actions in progress.

Estamos comiendo. — We are eating.

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